Exercise 38 Anatomy of the Digestive System

R E V I E W NAME ____________________________________ LAB eon/DATE _______________________ S H E E T EXERCISE 38 Anatomy of the Digestive System world-wide Histological Plan of the Alimentary transmission channelize 1. The general anatomical reference features of the alimentary line are listed below. Fill in the board to complete the information. Subdivisions of the shape (if applicable) Wall socio-economic class mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa or tunic Major functions epithelium, lamina propria, (not applicable) ecretion, absorption nourishion protection, vascular supply for mucosa churning, mixing protection, anchoring rotary and longitudinal (not applicable) organs of the Alimentary communication channel 2. The tubelike digestive system distribution channel that extends from the talk to the anus is known as the canal or the digestive tract. it has an innermost layer that runs obliquely alimentary 3. How is the muscularis externa of the survive modify ? ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ How does this modification relate to the function of the stomach? lets the stomach ix, churn and move nourishment along trac while set offing it take and mixing it in gastric juices ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ squamous cells in the esophagus to towboata 4. What transition in epithelial type exists at the gastroesophageal conjunctive? in the gastric mucosa ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ unreserved columnar absorb. How do the epithelia of these two variety meat relate to their specific functions? Stratified squamous protect ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 5. Differentiate between the colon and the bigger gut. abundant intestine extend from the ileocecal valve to the a nus, bu the colon is divided into the ascending, descending, sigmoid colon ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 259 6. tally the items in column B with the descriptive statements in column A. pillar A l y o c n w h d b s h p i v e j x b v k t r u f z y a g , t 1. 2. 3. 4. , v 6. 7. mental synthesis that suspends the pocket-size intestine from the posterior body fence fingerlike extensions of the enteric mucosa that improver the surface area for absorption plumping collections of lymphoid tissue form in the submucosa of the small intestine deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or interpreterially around the ircumference of the small intestine 5. voices that break down regimenstuffs mechanically mobile electric reed organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates s smotherowing conduit for some(prenominal) air and food y , 8. common chord structures continuous with and represen ting modifications of the peritoneum the gullet no digestive/absorptive function Column B a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. anus appendix circular folds esophagus frenulum great omentum hard palate haustra ileocecal valve large intestine lesser omentum mesentery 9. 10. olds of the gastric mucosa 11. 12. 13. sacculations of the large intestine projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell valve at the junction of the small and large intestines m. microvilli n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. v. ad-lib cavity parietal peritoneum Peyers patches throat pyloric valve rugae small intestine sluttish palate stomach 14. primary component of food and piss absorption 15. membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth 16. absorbs water and forms feces 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. rea between the dentition and lips/cheeks wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum initiates protein digestion structure machine-accessible to the lesser curvature of th e stomach organ distal to the stomach valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum posterosuperior verge of the viva cavity location of the hepatopancreatic anatomical sphincter by dint of which pancreatic secernments and bile pass serous lining of the abdominal cavity wall principal site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body fig up-supported anterosuperior boundary of the literal cavity . tongue x. y. z. dormitory villi visceral peritoneum 260 reexamination Sheet 38 7. Correctly identify all organs depicted in the diagram oral cavity paratoid gland mouth sublingual gland pharynx submanibulargland esphogus gall vesica liver hepatic entrance region cystic duct bile duct hepatic pancreatic sphincter follower pancreatic duct hepatic flexure jejunum ascending colon ileum rectum illiocecal vavle anal canal cecum appendix anus transverse colon decsending colon sigm ond colon pancreas cardiac sphincter pyllitic sphincter Review Sheet 38 261 8. You have studied the histological structure of a number of organs in this laboratory.Three of these are diagrammed below. Identify and in good order label from each one. (a) ____________________(b) ________________________(c) ____________________ Accessory Digestive Organs 9. Correctly label all structures provided with loss leader lines in the diagram of a molar below. (Note Some of the terms in the report for question 10 may be helpful in this task. ) enamel dentine gratuity pulp cavity mumble Neck periodontic ligament Bone cornerstone cementum topiceneal Blood vessels and nerves in pulp 262 Review Sheet 38 10. Use the key to identify each tooth area described below. c b e f j p g j a 1. isible packet of the tooth in situ 2. material covering the tooth root 3. hardest substance in the body 4. attaches the tooth to bone and surrounding alveolar structures 5. administer of the tooth infix in bone 6. forms the major percentage of tooth structure similar to bone 7. produces the dentin 8. site of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics 9. entire portion of the tooth covered with enamel the number of persistent teeth is Key a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 32 anatomical crown cementum clinical crown dentin enamel gingiva odontoblast periodontal ligament pulp root . 20 11.In the human, the number of deciduous teeth is 2,1,2,3 12. The alveolar consonant formula for permanent teeth is 2 2,1,2,3 Explain what this means. 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars on upper teeth. 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars on upper teeth. multiple by 2 2,1,0,2 What is the dental formula for the deciduous teeth? 2,1,0,2 13. What teeth are the wisdom teeth? the third set of molars 2 20 14. Various types of glands form a part of the alimentary tube wall or duct their secretions into it. Match the glands listed in column B with the function/locations described in column A. Colu mn A a f 1. 2. . 4. produce(s) mucus found in the submucosa of the small intestine produce(s) a produce containing amylase that begins starch breakdown in the mouth produce(s) a whole spectrum of enzymes and an alkaline gas that is secreted into the duodenum produce(s) bile that it secretes into the duodenum via the bile duct Column B a. b. c. d. e. f. duodenal glands gastric glands enteral crypts liver pancreas salivary glands e d b c 5. produce(s) HCl and pepsinogen 6. found in the mucosa of the small intestine produce(s) intestinal juice 15. Which of the salivary glands produces a secretion that is mainly serous? ublingual salviary gland Review Sheet 38 263 16. What is the role of the gall bladder? store bile bile duct , 17. Name three structures always found in the portal triad regions of the liver. portal venule and poral arteriole 18. Where would you expect to call back the Kupffer cells of the liver? What is their function? inside sine curve walls they line the sinus and remove bacteria plasma protiens 19. Why is the liver so dispirited red in the living animate being? 20. The pancreas has two major populations of secretory cellsthose in the islets and the acinar cells. Which population serves the digestive serve up? acinar cells 264 Review Sheet 38