A Brief Note On Civil Rights Leaders And The Media Essay

COMM 205 Third Research – Civil Rights Leaders and The Media Millie Brasser 11/07/2016 MALCOM X 1925 -1965 Maxlcom X was born on May 19, in Omaham Nebraska, also knows as Hajj Malik Elshbazz, His family lived in in Omahan his father was a preacher of a Baptist church he was an active man where he dedicated himself to preaching to the community of blacks his father Belonged to a movement called Marcus Garvey. Maxlcom X and his family received many threats from the Ku-klux klan group where many times they had to move through the established threats. However one of those groups of racists set fire to their house. After that, Malcolm Little named so grew up with much hatred towards the white race. His mother Louise was a housewife with eight children. After the death of her father, the mother lost custody of her children where she underwent break-out and was submitted to a psychiatric hospital when she saw the separation of her children where they were scattered in orphanages. - After living in orphanages. At an early age Malcolm X showed his vocation for advocacy he was one of the best stude nts in his class when one of his teachers gave him a justification that he managed to quit school. â€Å"Malcolm was a bright student and, in fact, was at the top of his class in junior high school. In the eighth grade, however, one of his favorite teachers told him that his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"no realistic goal for a nigger† At that point he lost interest in formal education andShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Jamaica and India1742 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantage of conducting business with countries with histories of imperial rule and civil struggle. After providing a brief, yet comprehensive view of each country, the paper ultimately concludes that any business conducted with any country come with moderate to great risk, as with Jamaica and India, and even the United States of America. Keywords: Jamaica, India, economy, politics, social issues, civil rights, colonialization Jamaica India: A Comparison Jamaica is an island country in theRead MoreThe Social Of Social Media1641 Words   |  7 PagesA lot of Millennials feel that social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, Myspace, and LinkedIn are an easier way of communicating with their peers. What they fail to realize is that potential employers are using these platforms as categorical imperatives when making a decision to hire a specific candidate for employment (Miller, 2016). I feel it is unreasonable for any employer to utilize a potential candidate’s social media page as a basis for extending them employment or rejecting employmentRead MoreThe Constitution And The American Constitution1141 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant because it â€Å"exists to protect the rights of all citizens, and has no legitimate power to deprive any citizen or class of citizen of their rights without due process of law† (Ross). Without the American constitution, our system of government would not be the same. The American Consti tution was set up primarily to outline and limit the powers of government to defend the citizens against a corrupt tyranistic style of leaders. The bill of rights was added to the constitution to point out thatRead MoreAnalyzing Racial Inequality : Past, Present, And Future Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagespresent, but he does not propose any solutions on how to handle the situation of race moving forward into the future, which was unfortunate to me as a reader. Ta-Nehisi Coates wrote Between the World and Me as a letter to his son, Samori. He offers a brief history of racial problems in the past and how they are still a relevant topic in the present. Coates does not present solutions to his son on how to solve the ongoing issue of race, but he does make him aware that inhabiting a black body can causeRead MoreSocial Media and the Law1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment, granting Americans the right to freedom of press, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and freedom to petition the government, has been one of the most heavily debated since its ratification in 1791. For years, court cases pertaining to the amendment have abounded, particularly in relation to the freedom of speech. From cases defining obscenity to those allowing for expression, the meaning of the freedom of speech has changed greatly through the years.Read MoreFeminism Is For Everyone By Bell Hook958 Words   |  4 Pagesimplies one has to necessarily understand sexism†.We define feminism as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.Where she simply define and shows that being feminism does not mean women have to become mean or they are better than men,she simply saying that men and women need to be equal like the civil right movements. The book begins with a brief statement of feminist political positions, then discusses some history of the movement.She discussesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Gangs Of New York 1352 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurred; following the life of a man named Amsterdam, the son of a popular Irish-American leader, Priest Valon. Supported by the extraordinary acting performances by Daniel Day-Lewis (aka Bill the Butcher) and Leonardo DiCaprio (as Amsterdam) the film is a massive achievement. Scorsese creates a visualization of American’s primitive past, where violence and unrest was frequent in New York at the beginning of the Civil War. This is due to the editing and packaging of the story is filled with the same no-nonsenseRead MoreChallenges Of International Conflict Peace Building2108 Words   |  9 Pages2011, as well as approaches taken to transition it to peace. The first part of the essay will focus on the brief historical background of South Sudan. The subsequent parts will cover the recent violence conflict explosion in South Sudan and will naturally draw on the literature review on conflict to explain why violence conflict took place in South Sudan post-independence. II) South Sudan’s Brief Historical Background South Sudan is Africa’s 54th country and the UN’s 193rd. It is the world’s newestRead MoreComparison and Analysis of Different News Report on Same-Sex Marriage Legalization in New Zealand3385 Words   |  14 PagesGOVT 6156 Governance and Civil Society Student Name: Yip Tsz Kit UID: 430054929 Assignment 3: Content Analysis Research Report 1. Introduction 1.1 Topic: Same Sex Marriage Homosexuality and lesbian and gay civil rights was the dominated by negativity in Western societies before the 1990s (Loftus, 2001). In Australia, bias and discrimination against gay has progressively decreased over time (Kelly, 2001). Issues related to gay and lesbian rights have been increasingly prominent. Despite the recedingRead MoreHistory HL Paper 3 Europe6131 Words   |  25 Pagesinstitution, not only Louis XVI, thus the first part of the question needs an analysis of the nature of the monarchy, as head of an outdated feudal system and as a cause of the revolution, as well as of the actions of Louis. It could be relevant to give a brief background, possibly mentioning Louis XIV, then show the absolutist nature of the monarchy (no States General was called for 175 years until 1789). Government finances relied upon a mixture of increasingly burdensome direct and indirect taxation. Louis

Book Report on the Catcher in the Rye - 814 Words

[Research Paper Title] The Modern Language Association (MLA) provides guidelines for documentation style. This template is based on commonly used guidelines from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (6th edition) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (2nd edition). For more information about MLA style and publications, go to the MLA website at: www.mla.org. Catcher in the Rye starts off with Holden Caufield, the main character, alone at the top of Thomsen Hill above Pencey Prep. Holden has gotten kicked out of Pencey along with numerous other schools. Laziness is the reason of Holdens lack of success in school like many teenage boys. He goes back to his dorm and starts reading the book Out of Africa when his doofus roommate Robert Ackley walks in. His description to meet is just that awkwardly tall kid, like myself but with poor hygiene. Holdens roommate, Stradlater comes in and tells them about a date he is going on with none other than Holdens old fling named Jane Gallagher. Stradlater has a carefree attitude for her calling her by the wrong name multiple times. Stradlater also asks Holden to write an English composition for him since that is the only class Holden is not failing. Holden reluctantly agrees and that is when we get our first taste of why he is such an angry kid. He writes about his little brother named Allie who died a f ew years before of Leukemia. He specifically wrote about his baseball glove that he wrote poems on so heShow MoreRelatedIs Salingers The Catcher in the Rye a Trigger for Murder?767 Words   |  3 Pagesmotives linked to the Catcher in the Rye, ever since it was published, in 1951 by Jerome David Salinger. Many schools have since banned the book due to the inappropriate language, and the volger behavior that is pushed throughout the book. These schools have also stopped reading The Catcher in the Rye because of the fact that it has been the trigger of many attempted murders and assassinations, turning innocent people into cold blooded killers. The Catcher in the Rye is a book which deeply sided withRead MoreJD Salinger Research Paper1671 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Salinger, also known as J. D. Salinger, is a fascinating author best known for his novel, Catcher in the Rye. Although Salinger only published one novel, he wrote several short stories for magazines like The New Y orker and Story. A large number of these stories went on to be compiled into books such as Nine Stories, Franny and Zooey, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction. Despite the fact Salinger has not published any stories in over 45 years, his reputationRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 Pagesmultiple reports suggest that the Silent Generation was the happiest generation in American history. The Catcher In The Rye and Looking For Alaska, two American novels about young adulthood, provide an insight on the commonalities and differences between these two generations and their unique American experiences. The two novels written by J.D. Salinger and John Green, respectively, were written fifty-four years apart, but their similarities are nonpareil. In fact, Green cites The Catcher In The RyeRead MoreHarry Potter And The Novel The Rye 1546 Words   |  7 Pagescomplexity and Rowlingâ₠¬â„¢s willingness to take on difficult and contemporary issues such as racism, genocide, classism, and difference – makes Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone uniquely valuable. While both books can be regarded as controversial due to the moral fibre of them, Catcher in the Rye, captures an adolescent protagonist wavering between childhood and adulthood. Holden Caulfield, a confused teenager, explores how adult life appears complex and incomprehensible to teenagers on the brink ofRead More Post-Traumatic Stress In Relation To Holden Caulfield Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pages‘normal’ life. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD (Narrow, Rae, Regier). This purpose of this report is to prove whether or not Holden Caulfield, the main character of J.D. Salingers’s book The Catcher In The Rye, is depressed. What Is A Depressive Disorder? Depression is a serious medical illness that negatively affects how a person conducts him/herself, and the way he/she think. Depression may includeRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress in Relation to Holden Caulfield1181 Words   |  5 Pageslife. An estimated 5.2 million American adults ages 18 to 54, or approximately 3.6 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD (Narrow, Rae, Regier). This purpose of this report is to prove whether or not Holden Caulfield, the main character of J.D. Salingers s book The Catcher In The Rye, is depressed. What Is A Depressive Disorder? Depression is a serious medical illness that negatively affects how a person conducts him/herself, and the way he/she think. DepressionRead MoreThe Play Macbeth : Naked Ambition, And The Oral Documentary, Kevin s Sentence By Bob1629 Words   |  7 PagesIn my report I will analyse and investigate characters facing adversity throughout their life or at some point and relating them to our society we live in at this time period. The four texts I have used were Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Gandhi: Naked Ambition, a biography written by Jad Adams, The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger and the oral documentary, Kevin’s Sentence by Bob Carty. Across these texts the main theme of ‘facing adversity’ was portrayed through characters, language and howRead MoreA Negative View Of Mental Illness1781 Words   |  8 Pagespeople think of be negative? What makes people think this way? Society has a negative view of mental illness because of media portrayal, th e attitudes of individuals, and skepticism, and the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, makes a connection to these views of the world. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, the main character Holden Caulfield is clearly disturbed in some way or another. The opening paragraph begins to paint a clear picture of Holden’s unique and descriptiveRead MoreA Pessimistic Adolescent Is Not What Most Consider A Reliable Narrator1295 Words   |  6 PagesA pessimistic adolescent is not what most consider a reliable narrator, but author J.D. Salinger challenges this commonly held thought with his coming-of-age novel The Catcher in the Rye. The reader is introduced to Holden Caulfield, a secondary school junior that is outcasted and aimless upon expulsion from yet another preparatory school in a post-World War II world. Salinger weaves a myriad of comparisons of genuinity and disingenuousness into his work, each explored through a facet of Caulfield’sRead MoreLanguage Catcher in the Rye4730 Words   |  19 PagesThe American Dialect Society The Language of The Catcher in the Rye Author(s): Donald P. Costello Source: American Speech, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Oct., 1959), pp. 172-181 Published by: Duke University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/454038 . Accessed: 30/01/2011 11:19 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part

on tragic characters fro Essay Example For Students

on tragic characters fro Essay After examining the play, Antigone, for tragic characters, it is seen that there couldbe many different possibilities. One character is clearly shown to be the tragic characterthough, and that is Antigone. She plays this role so great because she has all of the correctcharacteristics of a tragic character including her tragic flaw and her downfall. A tragiccharacter is defined as a person who suffers a downfall in the course of the play, this character also has a tragic flaw which is the event that brings about the downfall of thecharacter. Although it could be seen that Antigone is the tragic character, there are manyother possibilities. The plot structure can give many hints or clues of which can reveal the tragiccharacter of the play. The play, â€Å"Antigone† offers many clues that the tragic character is infact, Antigone. Antigone has a tragic flaw which is her arrogance, or the fact that shechooses to bury her brother, Polynices, even though the law prohibits it due to the factthat he is a traitor. Her downfall is her death which comes after she buries Polynices, she iscaught and brought to Creon, whose is king and son Haimon is to marry her. He sentencesher to be banished and locked away in a cave in which she hangs herself and later Haimonalso kills himself. The tragedy of this play is that the main character, Antigone, dies all because shewanted to bury her brother but is banished and kills herself. The aspect of Antigone affectsthe play in an important way because she wins favor of the reader/spectator because allshe wants to do is rightfully bury her brother. This leads to the end of the play in whichshe commits suicide as well as Haimon who commits suicide and everyone suffers thetragedy of their deaths. The concept of fate affects the tragic character’s actions in a very important way . Antigone’s fate is that she makes a choice. This choice she makes leads to her suicide aswell as Haimon’s all because she wanted to bury Polynices but Creon’s laws prevent thisbut she does it anyway. Antigone suffers her fate as well as the other characters includingHaimon who also dies. A tragic character is essential to a play for many reasons. The tragic charactersuffers a tragic flaw in which a character suffers a downfall. The concept of the tragiccharacter is relevant in all plays and is sometimes difficult to pick out such as this play,â€Å"Antigone.†

Financial Crisis in Kazakhstan free essay sample

The late-2000s financial crisis (often called the global recession, global financial crisis or the credit crunch) is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. It resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments and downturns in stock markets around the world. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in numerous evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. It contributed to the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in the trillions of U. S. dollars, and a significant decline in economic activity, leading to a severe global economic recession in 2008. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of valuation and liquidity problems in the United States banking system in 2008. The bursting of the U. S. housing bubble, which peaked in 2007, caused the values of securities tied to U. S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus, monetary policy expansion and institutional bailouts. Although there have been aftershocks, the financial crisis itself ended sometime between late-2008 and mid-2009. The global financial crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. On the one hand many people are concerned that those responsible for the financial problems are the ones being bailed out, while on the other hand, a global financial meltdown will affect the livelihoods of almost everyone in n increasingly inter-connected world. The problem could have been avoided, if ideologues supporting the current economics models weren’t so vocal, influential and inconsiderate of others’ viewpoints and concerns. The immediate cause or trigger of the crisis was the bursting of the United States housing bubble which peaked in approximately 2005–2006. Already-rising default rates on subprime and adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) began to increase quickly thereafter. As banks began to give out more loans to potential home owners, housing prices began to rise. In the optimistic terms, banks would encourage home owners to take on considerably high loans in the belief they would be able to pay them back more quickly, overlooking the interest rates. Once the interest rates began to rise in mid 2007, housing prices dropped significantly. In many states like California, refinancing became increasingly difficult. As a result, the number of foreclosed homes also began to rise. Steadily decreasing interest rates backed by the U. S Federal Reserve from 1982 onward and large inflows of foreign funds created easy credit conditions for a number of years prior to the crisis, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging debt-financed consumption. The combination of easy credit and money inflow contributed to the United States housing bubble. Loans of various types (e. g. , mortgage, credit card, and auto) were easy to obtain and consumers assumed an unprecedented debt load. As part of the housing and credit booms, the number of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), which derived their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U. S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses. Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U. S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally. While the housing and credit bubbles built, a series of factors caused the financial system to both expand and become increasingly fragile, a process called financialization. U. S. Government policy from the 1970s onward has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, which resulted in less oversight of activities and less disclosure of information about new activities undertaken by banks and other evolving financial institutions. Thus, policymakers did not immediately recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking system. Some experts believe these institutions had become as important as commercial (depository) banks in providing credit to the U. S. economy, but they were not subject to the same regulations. These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments. Financial Crisis in Kazakhstan free essay sample It is a disaster with immense power and sometimes it is compared with a hurricane as it cannot be controlled and avoided. We are still feeling the consequences of global decline in the economy and we ask questions from ourselves â€Å"Why did it happen? † and â€Å"What were the causes for this? †. Financial Crisis made a huge impact on the economic stability of Kazakhstan. Crisis happened because people did not want to accept the bad news as their businesses, salaries, living and working conditions were becoming much better day after day.People had a miraculous hope that luxurious way of living will last forever and there will never be an explosion which happened in 2008. As we faced the crisis we could not adequately analyze the problem and were not willing to do it either. The problem of financial crisis is peoples’ flippant behavior which created a misbalance between banks and clients and government has to create a new plan to solve this problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Crisis in Kazakhstan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are several important dates and steps which made Kazakhstan to face this Global Problem. Also, these dates changed not only economy of the country, but peoples’ lives and destinies.We live in the world where everything is connected with other and if something happens everything will fall like house of cards. However, the roots and consequences are to be identified. Banks are trying to cope with this problem, because the biggest hit on this part of the economy. President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbaev, gave a new order of the development of financial sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan after the crisis period to make sure that it will never happen again. Causes of Financial Crisis As it was said before, there are several things which led to a financial crisis.It is not the result of one day and not the fault of just one country. I think it would be fair to say that year by year we were putting ourselves in a situation which made favorable conditions for the crisis to come. We can start with several dates which were showing that Global Financial Crisis is knocking our doors. They are: 7th February 2007 â€Å"HSBC announces losses linked to U. S. subprime mortgages. †(Mauro F. Guille, 1st page). It means that prices for mortgages started to decline and banks could not get their money back.Moreover, banks were making tougher rules to give loans and require full documentation from people about their income. That led to a huge decrease in number of given loans and as a result the customer confidence which was an essential part in the economic circle began to slide down immensely. This is what happened in Kazakhstan, but came much later in 2008. Before this situation, the bubble of bad credit loans were becoming bigger and bigger. When it finally reached its pick, the explosion affected every industry and every part of the world.We can see the declining trend from the most popular site for Kazakhstan houses sales and rents â€Å"Krisha. kz† that the prices beginning from 2008 started to decline. I think it is obvious that the first wave that made the most impact on Kazakhstan was when Lehman Brothers, one of the biggest American Banks announced that they have an enormous loss of $4 billion for the year 2008 on the 11th September. This is when the panic in Kazakhstan started. All banks all over the world are connected with each other. Some analysts say that banks of Kazakhstan had huge debts in the foreign markets which lead to the instability of the banking system. Also, negative surpluses in trade balances could cause a crisis in our country (â€Å" ? †,3rd pgh). However, Nursultan Nazarbaev, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan says that the main cause of crisis in Kazakhstan was speculation. According to his words, â€Å"Global Financial Crisis became possible, because of the actions of speculators. They took an enormous amount of money from the stock markets and invested them into commodities markets. † (â€Å" ? †, 2nd pgh). We still cannot say with a 100% certainty that analysts or the President is right. Both of them could be right. It is just a matter of from what point do you look at the problem. The collapse of Lehman Brothers and shortage of resources made Western Banks to close some of the credit programs which were operating for the developing countries. These means that banks of Kazakhstan did not have any external funding during the times when it was essential for them. Consequently, this led to a financial instability the banking system of Kazakhstan and banks started closing credit programs. So, automobile and house markets felt the most impact. People could not get a loan from the banks to invest in new cars, houses and apartments.Banks were asking their clients to calm down, but the situation was going much worth day after day. Taking into consideration the fact that most of the purchases were financed by the loans it is not a surprise that positive forecasts of some of the bankers did not come true and the demand for consumer goods started to decline very fast(â€Å" ? †, 4th, 5th pgh). Consequences People of Kazakhstan and other countries still feel the consequences of Financial Crisis. We can see it from these major points: The growth of banking system in Kazakhstan decreased. Table #1 (The dynamics of assets of Kazakhstani Banks)

Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program A Discussion

Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program A Discussion Introduction Today, in the business world, organisations competing for market power and success are continuously looking for avenues to step ahead of their competitors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program: A Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, however, is becoming a more taxing objective for organisational managers as rapid advancements in information technology lead to mounting transparency of management activities across companies, making it exceedingly challenging to realize long-lasting differentiation (Kimiloglu Zarali 2009). But since the realization by management that customers are the core of a business and that an organisation’s success depends on effectively managing relationships with them (Nguyen et al 2007), companies are increasingly adopting and implementing customer relationship management (CRM) programs to maintain competitive advantage and prevent customers from switching to other companies (Kotorov 2003). The present paper discusses the critical success factors for a CRM program by illuminating the essential components making up the program. Essential Components of a CRM Program Perhaps the most essential component of a CRM program is the customer. Extant literature demonstrates that customers are the only source of the organisation’s present profit and future growth (Kotorov, 2003), hence must be located at the core of any successful CRM program by virtue of the fact that CRM has to result in the delivery of a valued customer experience (Kimiloglu Zarali 2009). An efficient CRM program, according to Payne Frow (2006), must be able to extract and deliver value to the customer through integrating and managing different channels of communication (e.g., face-to-face contacts, phone, Internet or other interactive media) to allow for an ongoing dialogue between customer and the firm across channels. As postulate d by Peelen et al (2009), the organisation must work deliberately and in a premeditated way to ensure that the product, the service offerings, the communications and interactions, the context and the price match or surpass customer expectations if it is to create a positive and long-lasting impact on customer loyalty, retention, recommendation behaviour and lifetime value.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second essential component of a CRM program is the relationship. As acknowledged by Kimiloglu Zarali (2009), the relationship between an organisation and its customers assumes a continuous two-way communication and interaction approach, which may be short-term or long-term, continuous or detached, repeating or one-time, and attitudinal or behavioural. Even though customers may have developed a positive attitude towards the organisation and its products or serv ices offerings, a stream of extant literature (e.g., Payne Frow 2006; Maleki Anand 2008) demonstrates that their buying behaviour is highly situational and context-oriented. Consequently, as suggested by Wang Feng (2012), an efficient CRM program must have the capacity to manage the customer-organisation relationship in a proactive and structured way to ensure it is profitable and mutually beneficial. Scholars and practitioners consider management to be a critical component of any successful CRM program. Payne Frow (2006) argue that CRM should not be perceived as an activity within the marketing domain; rather, it involves continuous corporate change in vision, strategy, culture and processes. The organisation’s management, including its top leadership, must therefore contribute positively for the CRM program to be able to collect customer information and transform it into corporate knowledge that leads to activities that take advantage of the collected information and of existing market opportunities (Maleki Anand 2008). For the CRM program to achieve success, the management should spearhead a comprehensive change in the company and its people. Another component which is inexorably linked to management is organisational collaboration. For CRM initiatives to bear fruit, scholars and practitioners have realized that the firm has to be built around customer needs (Nguyen et al 2007), and that customer management success must be appraised based on intermediate customer-oriented outcomes, such as satisfaction, loyalty and increased customer profitability (Peelen et al 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Success Factors for a CRM Program: A Discussion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These authors further contend that â€Å"the customer management function has the responsibility of creating reciprocity in a sense that actions taken by the company are matched by actions from the customers and vice versa† (p. 456). This therefore means that reciprocity is a fundamental characteristic of CRM, and entails the timely and accurate delivery of products and services, the creation of empathy toward the customer, and the expertise to commence a co-creation relationship with customers. Another key feature within the domain of organisational collaboration is the continuous and bi-directional customer-oriented feedback system, which assist the firm to not only learn about its customers but to also respond to their needs in a structured and proactive way (Peelen et al 2009). Hence, employees are expected to develop a customer-oriented culture to be able to share and interpret the meaning of customer data (Kotorov 2003), but more importantly to understand customers needs and ensure they are addressed ahead of those of owners, management or employees (Peelen et al 2009). Still, CRM vision is seen as an essential constituent of a successful CRM program. Scholars are in agreement that the firm needs to articulate or review its vision, related to CRM, if the program is to achieve success (Payne Flow 2006). Peelen et al (2009, p. 455) define CRM vision â€Å"as an organisation’s top management commitment to customer centricity as a path to business success.† Having realized that many CRM programs fail due to a disconnection of CRM vision and execution (Nguyen et al 2007), many managers charged with the responsibility of executing CRM programs have now acknowledged the critical importance of CRM vision not only to align the program with the business strategy and therefore increase the value of the customer relationship (Maleki Anand 2008), but also to align the scope and direction of CRM within the firm and therefore the development of other components (Peelen et al 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The last component to be discussed in this paper is the CRM strategy, which is basically a description of how the firm plan to realize its vision. Peelen et al (2009, p. 455) acknowledge that â€Å"without the CRM strategy, the vision will remain without (significant) impact on the other components.† Since the most immediate aim of the firm is to optimize the value of the customer base, CRM strategy assists it to not only position the customers at the heart of its activities but to also provide direction to all parts of the organisation to operate in tandem to realize end outcomes that balance the firm’s revenues/profits with customer satisfaction and loyalty (Wang Feng 2012). This exposition shows that the most important function of CRM strategy is to assist in the realization of the firm’s CRM vision, but to also deliver customer value and extract business value simultaneously. Conclusion From the discussion, it is clear that a successful CRM program must be grounded on some core components for organisations to reap the benefits associated with CRM, including maintaining competitive advantage, customer loyalty and retention. Although there are other essential components of a CRM program, the current paper has discussed several critically important ones including: customer, relationship, management, organisational collaboration, CRM vision and CRM strategy. The management of firms intending to adopt CRM programs should consider incorporating these components into their systems to achieve competitiveness, customer loyalty and retention. Reference List Kimiloglu, H Zarali, H 2009, ‘What signifies success in e-CRM’, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 27 no. 2, pp. 246-267. Kotorov, R 2003, ‘Customer relationship management: Strategic lessons and future directions’, Business Process Management Journal, vol. 9 no. 5, pp. 566-571. Maleki, M, Anand, D 2008, ‘The critical success factors in customer relation ship management (CRM) (ERP) implementation’, Journal of Marketing Communication, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 67-80. Nguyen, TH, Sherif, JS Newby, M 2007, ‘Strategies for successful CRM implementation’, Information Management Computer Security, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 102-115. Payne, A Frow, P 2006, ‘Customer relationship management: From strategy to implementation’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 22 no. 1/2, pp. 135-168. Peelen, E, Van Montfort, K, Beltman, R Klerkx, A 2009, ‘An empirical study into the foundations of CRM success’, Journal of Strategic Marketing, vol. 17 no. 6, pp. 453-471. Wang, Y Feng, H 2012, ‘Customer relationship management capabilities: Measurement, antecedents and consequents’, Management Decision, vol. 50 no. 1, pp. 115-129.

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Humanities - Essay Example nd noting their increasing wealth, decided to tax the military widows.(Fant 1982) Initially the women accepted this even though it was an obvious case of taxation without representation. However, by 195 B.C. this emergency was over and unlike the provinces, Rome refused to repeal this Oppian Law. Nevertheless, after a demonstration by thousands of affected women supported by sympathetic tribunes they did repeal it. Later in 42 B.C. again an attempt was made to impose similar taxation.(Letkowitz 1982)However, this time it was to pay for a civil war against a rebellious faction. Hortensia was the first female to speak at a Tribunal in the Forum, and was able to successfully argue that women should not be required to pay taxes to support killing of their husbands and fathers. and thereby significantly reduce the pool of women subject to the tax. Aside from Hortensia, the Sabine women must be considered as icons of Ancient Rome (historylink102.com). In fact legend indicates that but for them the Roman Empire may not have ensued. Initially mainly men settled in this rough city, so Romulus devised a plan to attract women to grow Rome’s population. He invited a nearby tribe, the Sabines to a festival inside the city, where the men were attacked and many killed and the women abducted and raped. The surviving Sabine men later returned to Rome under King Titus to retrieve their women, but they were happy with their new lives in Rome and negotiated a truce with the Sabines and Romans uniting and sharing power in Rome for years to follow. The Forum demonstrations illustrate how women even without legal powers were able to use their newly acquired economic leverage craved by the state to pressure it to enact policies more favorable to their interests. On an individual level, wives of high ranking officials, including the emperor, could also exert some influence, although sometimes as in the case of Agrippina, this could be for purely selfish, evil personal motives. (She

Managing data and information as a nurse infromatics specialist Essay

Managing data and information as a nurse infromatics specialist - Essay Example Informatics and information technology specialists, as well as assistance of nursing technicians are utterly important in this field. The various databases are created for several purposes besides information management. One of the core competences resulting from such a system is marketing. A majority of patients mostly prefers institutions with an accurate and elaborate database. Besides, efficiency is another main advantage derived from the use of these systems. Majority of the databases is made to increase the speed and capability of the organization. Database systems are developed through a number of issues and a number of strategies that have been employed over a long period. These are mostly known as the dimensions of database construction. Several dimensions are used in the development of database systems for not only nursing but virtually all fields. The core field that will have to be assessed is the data transformation dimension, which is basically the main field in databas e construction. Database construction involves the development of a field, or a transformational item that will directly and automatically convert raw information or data into information that can be stored. For this part of the system, an already developed system for this purpose, say digital computers, or the usual computer system, and the development of servers to store data will be used. The server will store the information whereas the computers, connected to the servers will be used for as the access interfaces for the users. Besides the transformation of data, developing a dimension or criterion for information storage is vital and crucial, for instance, deciding who can access the information and who can alter the content in the information. The basic overall consideration that will be used in the development of this data management system is the basic and common use of fact tables. According to Langer (2007), basic use of data management tables and dimensional factual infor mation is crucial in the development of database dimension systems. These systems basically involve the entry of information that has been crosschecked by a supervisor for certainty. The use of factual tables is the simplest data entry method used in most database systems, which allows even the least technologically aware employee to use the system after the use of basic training. The final dimension that will have to be considered in this case is the basic consideration of context. What information will be contained in the information system and what will not. Automatically, the information used will be of a digital and alphanumerical nature. This is judged through the consideration of patient information that has to be put in words and not only digits or amounts the client in question has consumed. Besides patients’ information, employee information, such as their experience and their applicability to the patients’ conditions can be used in assigning different nurses to different patients depending on their familiarity with the conditions in question. According to Roussel (2006), general nursing informatics encompasses the inclusion and use of various dimensions from nurses’ information, to patients’ conditions and information, their respective usage of hospital facilities, such as beds, electronics and other similar facilities. In addition to that, practically any nurse can use consideration the